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Scenario Analyses
02 / 10 Acute physical full-depth

River (fluvial) flooding

Where rivers overtop their banks, and how that exposure shifts as the climate warms.

The question it answers

Which of our assets sit where rivers are most likely to flood, and does that exposure get worse under higher-emissions scenarios?

What it does

Screening river (fluvial) flooding across a portfolio

  • Screens every asset for fluvial flood exposure using global hydrodynamic flooded-fraction data.
  • Reads exposure at the asset location, then projects how it trends across SSP scenarios and horizons.
  • Returns a banded result on the same axis used by every other physical hazard, so results compare cleanly.
How it works

Inputs in, banded result out

The governed model combines the inputs below into a single banded, scenario-aware result, under formal version and change control.

Inputs

  • Flooded fraction (~2-year return period)
  • Asset coordinates
  • Scenario / horizon projections

Governed model

River (fluvial) flooding

Anchored to public, peer-reviewed climate science.

Version and change controlled

Outputs

  • Asset risk band
  • Scenario–horizon trajectory
  • Portfolio roll-up
Inputs & sources

What goes in, and where it comes from

  • Flooded fraction (~2-year return period)

    Global river-flood hydrodynamic modelling (~1 km, 30 arc-second), 1985–2014 baseline

    Primary signal — the share of a grid cell expected to inundate at a frequent return period.

  • Asset coordinates

    Client asset register

    Located against the ~1 km flood grid by nearest-cell snapping.

  • Scenario / horizon projections

    CMIP6 multi-model ensemble

    Drives the forward trajectory across SSP1-2.6 to SSP5-8.5.

Scenario assumptions

The futures we test

  • Baseline reflects the 1985–2014 climatology, treated as present-day exposure.
  • Forward horizons read flooded-fraction change under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5.
  • The hazard is screened at a frequent return period, so the band reflects routine flood exposure rather than rare extremes.
Method

How the result is built

  1. Snap each asset to its nearest ~1 km flood-grid cell and read the baseline flooded fraction.
  2. Read the projected flooded fraction for each scenario and horizon at the same cell.
  3. Combine baseline level and forward trajectory into a single composite score.
  4. Translate the composite score into a Low / Medium / High band on the shared physical-risk axis.
Outputs

What you get back

  • Asset risk band

    Low / Medium / High exposure at screening resolution.

  • Scenario–horizon trajectory

    How the band moves from baseline through 2030, 2040 and 2050.

  • Portfolio roll-up

    Share of assets in each band, aggregated by group, country or region.

  • Low
  • Medium
  • High

Exposure trajectory for a single asset

Read the band first, then the trajectory. A High band at baseline means present-day exposure, not a future risk.

Baseline 2030 2040 2050

Portfolio band migration across scenarios

How the mix of Low / Medium / High assets shifts as the scenario hardens.

62% 28% 10% SSP1-2.6 Low emissions 50% 34% 16% SSP2-4.5 Middle of the road 38% 38% 24% SSP3-7.0 Regional rivalry 29% 39% 32% SSP5-8.5 Fossil-fuelled
Interpretation

How to read the band

  • Read the band first. A High band at baseline means the asset is exposed today — not at some future date.
  • Then read the trajectory. A Medium band that climbs under SSP5-8.5 flags an asset to plan around even if it looks comfortable now.
  • Screening High means "investigate with site hydraulics", not "this asset will flood". It prioritises where detailed engineering study earns its keep.

Disclosure relevance

  • IFRS S2 Identification of climate-related physical risks across the asset base.
  • IFRS S2 Resilience of strategy under multiple climate scenarios.
  • TCFD Risk management — process for identifying and assessing physical risk.

Limitations

  • Screening scope: this prioritises assets for further work; it is not a hydraulic flood model or a cat-loss estimate.
  • ~1 km resolution smooths local relief — flood defences, channels and small watercourses are not resolved.
  • Flooded fraction describes a grid cell, not a building footprint; nearest-cell snapping can place a coastal or upstream asset in a neighbouring cell.

Screening-level analysis; not investment or engineering advice.

Bring river (fluvial) flooding screening to your portfolio

Screened, banded and framed for IFRS S2 and TCFD disclosure.